Pulse forming network assembly



Jan. 5, 1960 J. A. WHITE PULSE FoRMING NETWORK ASSEMBLY Filed April 23. 1954 F' .1 Sly INVENToR.

JAME5 A. WHITE mi M r-us ATTORNEYS Afor a single unit.

United States Patent-O 2,920,293 PULSE FORMING ASSEMBLY James A. White, Williamstown, Mass., assignor to .Sprague Electric Company, North Adams, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Application April z3, 1954, serial No. 425,207

z claims. (cl. ssa- 29) the specification of the Guillemin patent, which covers numerous types of pulse forming networks using capacitors and inductors and various configurations, there is one type which has become known as Type E Iand is represented by Figures 16, 20 and 2l of the'patent. Also in the M.I.T. series of Radiation Texts, volume entitled Pulse Generators'(published 1948 by McGraw-Hill) on pages 4200 to 207, various pulse forming networks are considered including theType E 'as indicated on page205. In the Aoperation of apparatus requiring the use of a pulse forming network it is often times necessary to utilize pulses of various lengths, `for example, various pulse lengths being required for each phase of the operation of an apparatus-' In'the utilization of networks to yield various pulse lengths two, alternatives are'possible, either to have separate networks for each pulse length or to use one pulseforming network which can be switched so as to achieve the desired length. Thelatter method has .been wellaccepte'd although it suffers from the severe disadvantage of pulse forming distortion resulting in inferior operational lcharacteristics of electronic devices used. v

' -In the Guillemin patent the Type E section has been shown to be modified to achieve better pulse shape by 'adjusting the number of turns in the'endV sections of the inductor so as to achieve minimum pulse distortion. This method results in an improved form of a pulse shape However, whenA units are series connected so as to obtain longer pulse'lengths, the present ,procedure of connecting thesenetworksdirectly in series lcauses these adjusted networks to unduly distort the formed pulses with a characteristic oscillation for each individual network section connected in series. Switching also becomes diflicult if the end section adjustment is vto be preserved in all switching positions. v The other alternative of using separate networks is 'this invention to provide new and useful electrical circuits capable of producing pulses of various lengths from a single or multiple assembly withoutv distortion of the wave form. It is a still further object to produce electrical circuits capable of generating and impressing a plurality Aof ysubstantially square. energy vpulses across a load. A

2,920,293 Patented Jan. 5, 1960 still further object is to produce improved electrical networks of the lumped constant variety for use in the above and related electrical circuits. A still further object is to produce a network which is semi-universal-in nature, namely that it can be connected in series with a plurality of others or as a terminating section in a network without deformation of the pulse of energy arising from said network. Additional objects will become apparent from the following description and appended claims.

These objects are attained in accordance with the present invention wherein there is produced an electrical circuit Vcomprising a source of power, an isolation impedance reactor,V an electrical network capable of gener-at-ing substantially square pulses of various lengths, and a load; said electrical network and'said load forming a circuit during the discharge interval. In amore restricted sense this linvention is concerned with an electrical pulse forming network of the E type modified with an added series inductance vat its terminal end to improve the form of the generated pulses. This invention also includes a modified .E type pulse forming network having a switchable capacitory selectably connectable to either end of an inductor at a point substantially in the center of the terminal inductor section. A further feature of this invention is the miniaturization of pulse yforming networks by having separated inductors arranged side-byside -around a zone in which the parallel capacitors are positioned.

n For more complete understanding of the scope of my invention, reference shouldnow-b'e made to the drawings inwhichV Fig. 1 pictures an operational circuit using a plurality of series-connected individual sections; -Y

Fig; 2 illustrates asingle section of a universal-type network which can be used either as the intermediate series connected sections or the-terminating section; and

Fig. 3 shows a multi network section of miniaturized form. t

Itn has been found that the additionofa. supplemental terminating inductance to-a pulse-forming network greatly improves the pulse shapingapparently because it adds inductance to make up for missing mutual inductance in ,the terminal portion of the pulse forming network. It has also been discovered that a standard knetwork unit can be used for either .the beginning, middle or terminating sections in a multi section network. A simple switching arrangement of the terminal capacitor makes possible a substantially distortionless pulse n multi section network. I f I Reference should now be made to Fig. 1 in which 10 refers to a source of power such as a D.C. generator, battery, A.C. rectifying units, etc. An inductive reactor 11 for D.C. applications, merely inserts a high impedance fnonterminating network and portion B is a terminating network although any number of the nonterminatingrnetworks can be connected `in series and finally terminated to provide pulse widths in direct relationship to the `number of sections. Connected to the output of the network combination is a load14 which for radar applicationsmight well`be a magnetron or klystron tube.

Looking now at network section A it is seen that it is made up of series connected inductors having a plurality of taps .16 along its length. Each tap 16 is connected by a capacitor 18 to the common line 21. The taps sub-y divide the inductance into a multiplicity of central units 30 of substantially equal impedance, an initial unit 58 of higher'inductance, and a nal unit 20 of lower inductance. Inductor unit 58 has 20% to 30% greater inductance than that of a central unit 30. The network portion A is connected to network portion B by means of terminals 31, 32, 33 and 34,

Network portion B diiiers from that of A only in having the final inductor unit 20 ahead of the inal capacitor 1S.

Fig. 2 shows a semi-universal network section C which can be a terminatingnetwork portion of a pulse forming network or initial or intermediate portions of such a network, depending upon the setting of switch 26 connected to the terminal capacitor. The network C is otherwise identical with those shown at A or B in Fig. 1, and corresponding parts are identified by the same reference characters. that can be arranged to engage either of two fixed contacts 28, 29. Contact 28 is connected to a tap between terminal inductor 20 and the adjacent intermediate .inductor 30, while contact 29 is at the terminal of the inductor.' network having terminals 41, 42, 43 and 44. When network C is to be used as the beginning or intermediate section of a multi-section network the switch 26 iS placed so that the arm 27 contacts terminal 28. This means that the inductance unit 20 becomes connected beyond the terminal capacitor 18 and provides for the added mutual inductance referred to above. The magnitude of the inductanceof unitV 20is from 0.6 to 0.9 that of inductor section 30. 1f the network C is to be used as a terminating section, the'switc'h 26 has its blade 27 connectedto'pole| 29 placing the nal capacitor 18' at'the end of the inductance thus providing for the Yimproved pulse formas explained above.

Fig. 3 illustrates a miniaturized pulse forming network It is seen that Fig. 2 portrays a 4-terrnina1 Switch 26 has a blade or movable contact 27 Core B Coil 13 turnabout coil 13 turns=L20. 1 Coils 14 through 23 21 turns=L30. 1 Coil 24 ending 27 turnS=L58 1 (Lari-L20).

1 Refer to Fig. 3.

The capacitance per mesh was .0033 mfd. (for each mesh 2-.0066 mfd. aluminum foil mineral impregnated paper capacitors were series connected). .The length of the conductor 40 `of Fig. 3 should be kept Vtoa minimum or else design the inductors to compensate for added inductance. This 24 mesh network had a total inductance of 120 microhenries or 4.27 microhenries per mesh of the L30 type. The electrical characteristics of such a mesh are as follows:

a. 40 ohms measured impedance on a pulse bridge.

b. When charged to 11,500 volts and discharged through a 40 ohm load at 300 pulses per second had a pulse length of 5.98 microseconds, a rise time (10% to 80%) of 0.09 microsecond, and a distortion of less than 5%.

c. Output of 1590 volt-amperes when operated as in b.

As many apparently widely diierent embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope hereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the speciiic embodiments hereof except as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is: p

l. A pulse-forming network assembly for producing square energy pulses having a plurality of principal inductorsV with substantially equal inductances connected in series, an input connection including a larger inductance connected to one end of the series, capacitors conof the 'E type which yields extremely long pulse widths per unit volume. This modiiication incorporates ythe mutual inductance addition between network units and the individual elements correspond to the similarly numbered elements included in Figs. 1 and 2. The inductor assembly is made in two sections as indicated at 36 and i 37,0f the type indicated as A and B in Fig. 1, and connected by lead 40. Although only two individual sections are shown, greater numbers can be used if the teachings of this invention are incorporated. The terminals of the network of Fig. 3 are indicated at 51, 52. The folded assembly of Fig. 3 can be converted into a universal construction similar to that of Fig. 2 by incorporating a switch in the circuit of the final capacitor 18 of the assembly connected as indicated in Fig. 2.

For purposes of illustration of this invention a folded pulse network of the type described in Fig. 3 was constructed. The network was 24 mesh with each inductor mesh having its respective capacitor. The coils were bank wound upon a one-half inch diameter phenol-formaldehyde resin-core with a 1A spacing between adjacent meshes. The network was thus wound on two corescore A (section 36) having thirteen inductors including therinput coil, and core B (section 37) having twelve inductors. The inductors were all bank wound with vitreous enamel coated #18 copper wire andl of 2 layer construction with the following turns:

Core A Input coil 27 turns=L58 (L38-|-L2).1 Coils 2 through 11 21 turns=L3o. 1 Coil 12 turnabout coil 13 turns=L20. 1

nected`from the juncture of eachpair of inductances to a common conductor, a supplementing terminal inductor connected in series with theprincipal inductors at the other end of the series toV supply inductance deficiency, an Output connection at said other end, the terminal inductor having an inductance value between about 0.6 and .0.9 that of a principal inductor, an additional capacitor with two terminals, one connected to the common conductor and the second arranged for connection to one of the ends of the additional inductor whereby said network assembly is selectively connectable as one of the beginning, middle or terminating sections in a multiple section network.

2. A pulse-forming assembly for producing square energy pulses having a pulse-forming network with an input end and an output end, charging and discharging means connected to the input end, and load means connected to the output end, the network including a seriesconnected chain of inductors around a single form, the iirst inductor having more inductance than the intermediate inductors, the intermediate inductors having substantially equal inductance, and the last inductor having two series-connected inductance portions the input portion of which is substantially equal to the inductance of an intermediate inductor, the output portion of which has an inductance value between about 0.6 and 0.9 of the inductance of said intermediate inductors, a set of capacitors connected from the inductor chain to a common conductor, hte connections to the chain being at the output end of all but the last inductor, an additional capacitor,

land a selecting mechanism connected for selectably con- References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Guillemin Feb. 8, 1949 Street Aug. 26, 1952 

